Science

 Kia Ora everybody, today in our Hurumanu 3 class our teacher needed us to compose a clarification expounding on the Polynesian navigators, and how would they do that. So when we do this we need to pick if were advanced with regards to composing stuff,I picked advanced and my responsibility is to initially compose my presentation about the subject, and after ward in section 2 I need to compose facts about navigation in space, passage 3 the Polynesian Navigation. Finally the end. I need to recall to in any event compose 6-7 sentences in each section. 

Before we compose our unique composition, we need to let out mate read our work and let them gave me a criticism. Also, when I have my input, I can naturally change my blunders like my syntaxes/grammars, spellings, and so forth I had a great time learning this thing on science, since I don't think a lot about it. It was hard toward the start since we need to surge, since this is our last day of composing this. 

What am I explaining? Well I’m explaining to you what is navigation, have you ever used the stars to navigate?

Also have you ever known that the Polynesian navigate the stars while on their boat.

Do you ever know the steps? Why do they do that? 

Navigation is also the other definition of GPS, this is just an example of navigation( it means following a route ) Starting off with navigating the stars, so what I am saying is that when you are lost you can use the stars but the only thing is that you should know where the North and the South are. Navigating is really important for you to learn, because when you get lost in the sea you can easily find your way home if you know the steps. The only thing is that there’s a lot of steps and instructions that you should learn before you get lost.I have a lot of reasonable evidence to suggest why you need to listen to this writing of mine. 

The space navigators are all used to do techniques by just using the sea and the air, but then suddenly they created a new science space navigation. That invention used stars sighting, precise timing, and even radio communications. In addition a lot of people actually used the stars to navigate, these people were the Polynesian when they were travelling across the vast sea. Therefore in the sea there is no wife signal to contact someone. Because they are in the middle of the deep blue ocean/sea .Moreover, the Polynesian people navigated the star a thousand years ago, that’s why they have a plethora of knowledge. That maybe all of them learned from their leader/master of the community. 

Polynesian navigation is actually hard to follow because there’s a lot of steps, and knowledge that we all need to know. Furthermore, if you want to learn how to navigate stars then you must know the Northern Hemisphere, and the Southern hemisphere. The very first thing you should know, is to learn your constellations well. This is a group of stars that would create a difference of patterns in the sky. These stars sometimes shift in the sky, and will be only visible depending on the season.  There’s this constellation called circumpolar, this was visible all year long. It never rises or sets, knowing this constellation will make your life easier and will help you more because this allows every navigator to find their way home using this. Primary constellations that were located in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The Ursa Major also known as the big dipper, was found in the Northern Hemisphere, this thing shapes like a big bear. This sometimes was called a saucepan, it can easily be spotted in the northern sky. It will also help you how to locate the North Star. Ursa minor(little dipper), the small version of the big dipper. It can be really helpful because the North Star will always be the last star on the Little dipper’s handle.

Cassiopeia is a group of brightful five stars,and when you look in the sky you will see it as the shape of W. Can also be used to find the North Star when Ursa major isn’t visible in the sky. Orion a three bright stars, it was a recognisable constellation of the Northern Hemisphere. This has guided the navigators for decades. Now let’s talk about the Southern Hemisphere constellation. Crux also known as the Southern Cross, this is actually the most important constellation of navigating. It symbolises the five stars that form like a cross, and guess what it was the smallest constellation in the space. Centaurus, the opposite of the Southern cross, resembles like the Greek mythology, and the Southern Cross constellation is useful to identify more of the south. Now let’s find out how to find the Southern Cross constellation, since we're in the south not in the north.And the North Star is only visible at the northern hemisphere, and we wouldn’t be able to find that easily. Although this constellation is not as bright like the others, and this can be seen year-around at every seconds of hour in the night. And no matter what time of year it is,the Southern Cross always reaches its highest point in the starry night only when it’s pointed due south. You’ll see this stand perfectly at the very upright of the horizon, with its long part of the cross pointing straight towards the south pole. Still there are some more steps to follow, so you need to draw a line at the very top star of the Southern Cross( Gacrux), and then of course to the bottom star of the cross ( Acrux ).  

Did you know that the Centaurus is located next to the Southern Cross, and to remember it has two bright pointer stars that create the front leg of Centaur. These two pointers are known as Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri. Once we found out the Southern hemisphere and Northern hemisphere we need to locate the East and the West. It’s really easy. All you need to do is to streak your arms out straight to the both sides. So when you are facing the north, your left arm points west and the other point at the north. Then when you are facing the south, your left arm is pointing in the north direction, and the other side points in the west. Orion also helps the navigators to find the east and the west because it rises in the east and sets in the west. 

Now we need to know how to determine your latitude and longitude, since where in the south hemisphere. I will tell you the methods that were also the same as the north one, all you need to do is find the Southern Cross and Centaurus. Then you need to measure the distance between the south pole, and the horizon with your fist. This is very helpful because you don’t need to use charts or any tools. The navigators also need to know their longitude, and let me tell you that this can be hard because they have to be careful about record-keeping, but early days for them when they are navigating the expanses of waters. All they do is to track the movement of the rises and the state of the stars across the sky. Record every specific position of the rise and set that every star in the night, at the same exact time. That’s how the early navigators know their longitude and latitude. 

The ancient Polynesian used the sun, moon, stars, clouds, planets. To guide them,and to find their location. These voyagers relied on their Wa’ Kaulua or also known in English as the double-hulled canoes, they were powered by sails and steered including a single large oar. Navigators are built to be familiar with the trade wind-generated ocean swells that flow in southeast or  northwest. That helped them to identify the directions by the rocking emotions their boat is showing caused by the swells, Furthermore the sunrise and the sunset is really useful to them, because the sun indicate the east and the west, but the problem was when it created a low light on the ocean that made it possible to see the swells directly. They even also used a thing called a star compass. These people remember the points of stars and constellations, even when they are visible and different times of years. They used them to divide the sky into four parts, while their boat is the middle. 

Example, when they saw a star rising they already knew that to be the Northeast. So when the Earth axis points toward the North Star, and that always indicates north. This isn’t visible in the south, so they used the Southern Cross.All you need to do is to draw a line to the first top stars and connect it to its opposite side, but then you also need to extend it 4.5 times and draw a line from there horizon. That's how they know where the south is. 

So this is how the navigators know their path by utilising the stars, moon, planets. Or then again even the move of the sea. Interestingly, you have to have a ton of information about the constellations, and such things. The Polynesian were the ones who knew a ton about this,because they sail a large number of kilometres by looking at the sky.

Gold Mining - Hur 1

 Kia Ora everybody, today I will be sharing you facts about gold rush and there history with the Chinese people. Our errand was to peruse the entirety of the texts that was given to us,and each time we read something intriguing we need write it down in our own words. My class and I should have at least 4 realities about gold mining, and the Chinese people. I learnt a lot about these people,and what's gold mining, where precisely it previously occurred. I discovered huge amounts of data about these which gave me more courage to compose multiple facts. So here is my facts about them.

Facts about gold mining:

• The first European discovery of these gold was credited to Charles Ring, a Tasmanian who discovered it at Driving Creek near Coromandel township in 1852, when gold surfaced in New Zealand in the 1820s. 

• Where many geologists would agree, but they would also add that only in some regions is gold likely to be discovered. Regions are Otago,South land, the West Coast, Golden Bay, and Marlborough, Coromandel Peninsula , and a few other localised sites in New Zealand. Gold is an element which is rare, it is inert, and it is very heavy, it is glossy, it is also malleable. 

• In the mid 1860s, the Otago Gold rush peaked, after which miners left for the emerging West Coast goldfields in large numbers. In 1864, Read went back to Tasmania and spent his final years in a mental institution.

• Wiliam Hunt, John Ebenezer White and George Clarkson with their pickaxes, were digging in the Kurunai Drain. They were one of the several groups which had flocked in search of gold to the Coromandel.Then, they hit the jackpot 150 years ago today.

• The discovery was the first great strike in the Coromandel, and the Thames foothills were swarming with men within months. Life will never be the same again for Hunt, White Clarkson and their mate, William Cobley. They overnight turned into millionaires.

Chinese discoveries:

• Fearing Economic failure, the Chinese miners were hired from Australia and directly from Guangdong by the local authorities of Otago-South land. A huge number of them, with some already in the country helping relatives join them, and got their ticket to New Zealand by chain migration.

• In 186, the first party of Chinese miners came to New Zealand. From Victoria, they have been invited to Australia's goldfields by the authorities and the Dunedin Chamber of the Commerce, as soon as a Usable labour sources to increase the population and rework the goldfield of Otago after European. 

• The Chinese were disliked/hated by Europeans because of their distinct physical and cultural differences. The appearance, but also the strategic ability of them . They were removed from the culture of New Zealand, they were prohibited from living in the cities or from being buried in nearby graveyards.Luckily a few Chinese miners were successful and have earned the respect from the Europeans.

• The store of the Ah Lum also known as Lau Lei, the very last Chinese resident of the settlement and died in 1932. His store is the modest construction of stone and wood topped with a corrugated iron roof, and is one of the most intact buildings. Back in the day, shops are usually sold a mix of items from back home along with local and European products. Some of the store keepers were literate and spoke English, so they were able to provide both English and Chinese translation and even letter writing services.

• In Otago, there were fewer than 200 Chinese miners in 1866, but the Chinese population had risen to 1270 by April 1868. With just under 5000 miners, the population peaked in 1881.  Also fun facts each of the three main religious traditions- Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism- was practised by Chinese miners. To keep bad spirits away or welcome good fortune, several rituals are practised. Although most miners had small shrines in their nuts, in Lawrence and at Round Hill, temples were built.

Parihaka

 Kia Ora everyone,today is another blog about around the world(Hur 1). This time our class is finding out about Parihaka. Parihaka is a small community, in that community it shows what harmony/peace implies, because their chief Te Whiti and Tohu fight in a passive resistance route between the Europeans warriors. They represent there individuals, and they represent their self in light of the fact that the two of them recognises what's correct. I likewise found out about Gandhi a pioneer in India who additionally fight by the British guideline, since his people were not treated right and pleasantly. Those three chiefs knows the genuine significance of Passive Resistance. 

Uninvolved Resistance implies - No savagery, it additionally incorporate tranquil(calm), demonstration, fasting, and in any event, declining to follow laws or request that was given by the legislature. 

So we as a class need to respond to certain inquiries concerning Parihaka, there's 13 inquiries for us to reply. I took in a great deal by watching, and perusing text about it.

Questions and Answer: 

What events lead up to Parihaka being established?Well, the really main events that lead Parihaka to be established is when their people are being peaceful, and don’t want any violence in their city while the European are attacking them and getting their lands away from them, the people just stand there because they know their rights. The Parihaka settlement was founded in 1866. 

What was the ideas behind setting up Parihaka?The idea behind setting up Parihaka is to make sure that no one will attack on the Europeans soldiers, when they are taking some of the lands. They didn’t fight and make sure no one was hurt, and just have a peaceful life to live in that’s the cause why some of their ancestors were taken and arrested and went to South Island jail and all of their lands were taken by them. Some of them even die in peace. 

Who established Parihaka?There are two real leaders who show a lot of integrity and even clarity to their people, and these two are the ones who really show the real definition of “ Peace”. The people that I’m talking about was Te Whiti O Rongomai and Tohu Kakahi, that's why Parihaka were established in November 1881.

Where is Parihaka located?It takes place in New Zealand, and Parihaka is a small community in Taranaki region. It was located between Mount Taranaki and Tasman Sea. 

When did the invasion of Parihaka occur? November 5 1881, when 1600 troops invaded Western Taranaki, which had come to symbolise peace when the Maori land was confiscated. What caused the invasion of Parihaka? In a long term of cause an Invasion of land surveying by some of the government officials. Which led to a land confiscation and the intense tensions between the Maori people and the Europeans. 

How do you think the people of Parihaka were feeling when the troops entered their village?For me all of these emotions are mixed like some of them are sad, frustrated, scared, etc. Because when the soldiers started acting their hearts felt like they’re about to stop, but they were happy because the troops didn’t fire their cannon. Instead, the soldiers tooked Tohu and Te Whiti and when they were marching away the two of them told their people to be steadfast, peaceful and unafraid. Tohu called “ We looked for peace, and we find war”...

Do you think stories about the events of 5th November 1881 were reported on by the media at the time? No, I know that this event wasn’t reported on social media, and to support my ideas. I have read a text that already gave me a clue that this was reported in a newspaper, also in the early 90s the Maori people lived near a mountain that’s why they don’t have any WiFi. I also think the one who has their point of view on this was the Europeans, in my opinion they were the one who tells stories to the whole community since they are the ones who control everything in the past. 

How long were Te Whiti and Tohu imprisoned? Where? What did they intend to do when they returned to Parihaka?In my research Te Whiti and Tohu were imprisoned for six months, in Ripapa South Island. When they returned to their home, both of them tried to reconstruct Parihaka as a model or in other words modern community. In 1886 Te Whiti got arrested again and returned in 1887, then Parihaka was continued as the center of non-violence resistance.

What was the impact on Māori when of the New Zealand Company and other representatives of "The Crown" confiscated or purchased land very cheaply from Māori? What happened to Māori who lost their land? Where and how did they live? 

The New Zealand Company confiscated their land, and they also purchased those land very cheaply from the Maori. The Maori people who lost their lands were forced by the Europeans to move homes, after that all of them lived poorly and of course they wouldn’t stop worrying about being hurt but they were wrong because the two leaders didn't want any violence and no bloody wars. Where? They still live there because the Parihaka people know that they don’t have to leave even though the soldiers are forcing them. They stand for their rights and honour. 

How do you think the New Zealand wars impacted on iwi and groups of people who were no longer able to live on their whenua?

Well the impact of the Maori’s land wasn’t that good majestic, because some of them including the kids were all getting sick. Let's say all of them are living poorly. That's why they don’t have much food to eat, because of the Europeans taking their lands. So New Zealand impacted the iwi really hard, and I strongly believe that there’s no day that they didn’t suffer. Those Maori/iwi people who lost their property/lands were all banned to take them back, from the Europeans. 

What does the word PEACE mean to you? What is "passive resistance? What does the phrase mean?

To me Peace means something really special, because without it my life would be really hard and I would always suffer. Peace does not mean you always need to be in a place where there is no noise , trouble or hard work. It means to be in the center of those things and that will come to your heart. And nobody can bring you peace but yourself, you will not find peace until you listen to your heart. For me passive resistance means non-violent,fasting, also the other definition of being peaceful.

What other ways are there to solve major issues between people/ countries that do not use violence as a way of controlling others or solving problems? 

Well if they don’t use any violence people will have more courage to do things that were against the law, and that will make it hard for the government to stop because they might protest against them, etc. Also people would get a long only to do bad things, and that will make their country look bad. So the only thing that will help and sort out things is to talk to them kindly, and ask them politely. Don’t force them to do what you wanted to do, because that will make the situation worse and it wouldn’t help you. Make an agreement between them or something, but you need to make sure why you want them to believe you. 

Who are some of the other world leaders who have used passive resistance? What was their cause and how is/was it peaceful?

There’s a lot of leaders who have used passive resistance to their people/country. Like Te Whiti and Tohu, but this person shocked me and he lived in India. He is well known as Mahatma Gandhi but his real name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, this person is even the leader of Indian’s non-violent independence.  He was born in Oct 2,1869, he became a great leader when he started working for a law firm in South Africa. That’s the time where he saw people being treated badly, so he stood up for his rights. Well you see in South Africa there’s a lot of impairment against the Indians,  but Mohandas knew he couldn’t stand for it. Mohandas did some demonstrations by standing up to the British law, so he organised a nonviolent protest. That didn’t make the British happy, and it caused him to be thrown in prison but he didn’t stop so when he was in there. Mohandas fasted and wouldn’t eat. That let the British let him go out of the jail, because they were scared that when he died a lot of people would get angry and all of them didn’t want that. He inspired a lot of people when he protested non-violent and neither did I.

Spheros on Mars

Kia Ora readers, on our Science we again need to answer a portion of the questions, since Mr Reizinger isn't with us today we have various options we can do. I picked this activity since I learn more every time I read a few writings and realities about the point. So here is the questions and my answer.Questions and Answer: 

1. What Rocket did the Perseverance use to get into space?  

At the time of 7: 50 am Thursday on a United Launch Alliance ATLAS V rocket. It blasted off from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. They picked this because Atlas V was one of the biggest rocket available for the interplanetary flight, NASA selected this for the Mars 2020 mission because it has the right to liftoff capability for the weight requirements and destination.This rocket is going to the red planet for the fifth time with Perseverance. 

2. Describe the two vehicles that are being taken to Mars.

The name of the vehicles that was taken in Mars on the day of July 20th 1976 was "Viking One Lander". Mission of this vehicle is is to try finding the evidence of existing life on Martian surface and this lander was a spacecraft .  Other one was called "Trans habitat" 

3. Where does the mission plan to land on mars? What are they looking for?

The Perseverance are landing in Jezero Crater  to the mission. They picked that  because the Scientist believe that the place was flooded with water, and it was the home to an ancient river delta. They also thought the rover will find traces and will left it behind in the rocks. 

4. How will the vehicle land without being damaged? 

The answer for this one is that this vehicle has a parachute that was connected, and it's job was to help land perfectly also make sure the vehicle doesn't have any damaged on it.  Those parachute has something to the side of the vehicle which is a little rockets and that will help go slowly go down,not just putting it in the surface. 

Science - different ways to communicate

Kia Ora, today my class and I were finishing  off our science task that incorporate clarification composing. We all need to search some facts and study the inquiries.The absolute first thing I did is that to research a few things about the theme and pick some regular things that people used to communicate with others. We were fortunate in light of the fact that our teachers previously gave us a few thoughts, which made this undertaking simpler. A slide that show some various things that was utilised to impart, and our task was to pick 3 things that intrigue us and after that we need to do some more research. At that point make a clarification expounding on it, to me I picked cell phones, radio/walkie talkie, and after ward satellite. I struggled composing this, however fortunately there's huge amounts of site I can use to get some data. 

I utilised the application canva, in light of the fact that it was more simpler to use as I would see it. So here is the introduction that I made.

CANVA  

Gold Rush

 Kia ora everyone, today in our Social studies and reading we have to make a blog post about what we know in Gold mining. We also have to tell what discrimination mean. 

All I about gold mining/gold rush, is that miners dig underground and find some real gold. I heard that this gold are mostly found only in a certain areas, and this work can be tough to every miners because sometimes you have to dig with your own hand. This happened a long time ago and now I feel like there's some different methods of how to dig and find this rare looking golds.

First method is mostly about people using shovel, their hands, pans and even cradle. Mostly people used pans for drilling, then they used the cradles to rocked back and forth. Using those thing make their life easier. Sometimes they used machine, because these gold are mostly found in rocks, have been worn down the sands, underground caves. 

Second method is using the common sluice boxes, these thing are made out of wooden terrace boxes and they are long. Miners use it to go underground, so when they lift it up some gold will be trapped in the box and will also allow the light materials when they shake the sluice box gently in the water. 

Third method is that you have to find a gold mine cave, and mine it yourself. If you find it difficult to do which most people feel, go find a partner and help each other find the rare gold you've been wanting. I think not a lot of people do that, because they all have their own way of doing it. 

Now I will be telling you guys the meaning of " Discrimination" well for me it's about racism. Like your appearance, your culture, how you speak other uncommon language, race, gender. It's about two people being different and one person said something harmful. That's what discrimination to me. 

Next week I will be telling you guys more facts about gold rush, and 4 facts of how did the Chinese people change the Maori people life. 

SCIENCE

 SCIENCE 

Ni hao everyone, today our first lesson in science for term 4 the whole class have to research things about " Navigation in Space". There's a questions that was given in the slide for us to answer about different things. 

Questions:

1.What is Solar System? The solar system is the smallest of the three system. This consist of a star,sun, and an object that was affected by its gravity. It also include planets, moons, asteroid, comets and meteoroids. Even though the solar system is the smallest among the universe or galaxy, well the actual size of this is hard for the every human minds to truly understand. Let me tell you in terms of scale, if the sun has the size of a tennis ball, the Earth would be the size of a grain of sand. The solar system was formed approximately 4.6 billions years ago by the giant molecular cloud. 

Difference between Solar system and Milky Way: Our solar system consists stars, the sun, etc. Well the milky way galaxy has 200 - 400 billions of of stars, guess what the galaxies came in different sizes. Milky way is big, but some galaxies are much longer. What I'm trying to say about the difference our Earth orbits the Sun in our solar system. The sun is one star among the billions in Galaxy so the Milky way is one among billions of galaxies in our Universe. 

2. What is Star? Describe Nebula : A star is a luminous ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, and that will held together by its own gravity. The thing that support the star is the nuclear fusion, because of its reaction in its core that help go against gravity. That would produce photons and heat, as well as the heavier elements. Nebula is a giant clouds of some dust and gas in the space, some of this things come from the gas that was thrown out by the explosion of a dying star such as a supernova. Other of the Nebula are the regions where new stars beginning to form, and some of them were called " called nurseries". 

3. How do starts die? The start die when their nuclear are exhausted, because some of the star use up their hydrogen fuel quickly but they are hot enough to fuse such a a heavier elements like the helium and carbon. Once there's no fuel left, the star collapsed and the outer layers will explode as the "supernova". 

4. Is there an up and down space? There are NO up and down in space, that can mess with the human brain and also affect the way people move an what they think of space. 

5. How can Stars be used to Navigate?

First you need to know your constellations, Constellations are some grouping of stars that create recognisable patterns in the sky. Some of the constellation are called circumpolar constellations, those remains visible all year long in the hemisphere. Then you need to find the North Star, because it has served as a reliable beacon to guide them home. This is also called Polaris, and it was located directly above the North Pole and it doesn't change its position in the sky. Polaris only appears at stationary in the night sky. Third step is to find the Southern Cross, because the North Star is only visible form the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Cross can be seen year round at every hour of the night, and this Cross can reach to its highest point in the night sky only when it was pointed in south. Find the east and West, so when you have located the north in Northern Hemisphere or the south, finding the east and west is very simple. You just need to stand facing directly north or south and then stretch your arms our straight to each side. The last three things you need to do is determine your latitude, calculate your longitude and the last thing you need to do is use your resources.

3 facts about Black Hole 

- Back holes are some strange and fascinating object in the outer space, they're dense that even a light can't escape their grasp if it comes near.

- Black holes will spaghettify you and everything else, because the black holes have this incredibly ability to stretch you into a  long spaghetti. That happen when you are close to a black hole.  

- This black holes slow down the time, example when one twin stays on he Earth and when the other one is zooms out into space by the speed of light,turns around, and then returns home. The twin that moves across space is much younger and the quicker you run,the slower  time passes for you. So as you reach the same horizon, because of the strong gravitational force from the black hole you move at high incredible speeds, that time  will slow down.