Communication Challenge

Kia Ora everybody, today in our science class we did some pleasant things such us how to speak with one another without talking however sending a few messages. First we have to pick which correspondence from we have to do like the banner sign, morse code, or double code and be in a little gathering like 4. At that point we as a whole need to separate in a couple one group is sending the message and one group is getting them, and think about what is the word. My group and I picked twofold code since we believe that it was anything but difficult to utilise and do, what is binary code? This code in each computerised PCs there are just two potential states, off and on, and that represented by 0 and 1. Decimals framework utilises 10 digits , every one of them speak to the intensity of 10, at that point in binary framework every digit position speak to the intensity of 2. So all together the paired code signal is a progression of electrical heartbeat that speak to numbers, characters,etc. 

Before we start doing it, we created a flag that has 1, and 0 on the other side. At the point when we did this we have to pick a word and attempt to utilise the twofold code, and fortunately this work and we had some good times doing this. At times when one gathering is sending the message we were experiencing some difficulty, since certain numbers were multiplying. Still I had some good times learning the paired code.

Becoming a Martian

Good day everyone, our mission today was different because I will be sharing you guys my work on science which is our Hurumanu 3. Out task was to read an article about becoming a Martian, then after reading them we have to answer the questions that was related to the article. Becoming a Martian is an article by Clare Knighton. 

The questions:

1. When can a mission to Mars ( or from Mars) happen? Why?

Ans: From the article any mission to Mars can only leave or return from the mars, every twenty -six months. Where the two planets ( Earth and Mars ) are at the closest point in their orbits, So this means the very first astronaut ill be gone for a very long time, sometimes some people think" boots on Mars" will happen as soon as 2024.

2. What are two geological features of Mars?

Ans: The geological features of Mars are mountains, valleys and volcanoes. Guess what one of the volcanoes here in mars were three times bigger than the Mt Everest.

3. What is one possible solution from the story about oxygen on Mars?

Ans: On Mars the atmosphere is about 95 percent carbon dioxide, and breathing that could kill you because carbon dioxide would replace the oxygen into your red blood cells. So the NASA has this machine called MOXIE which uses electricity to split up carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and oxygen,but the NASA were planning on splitting water into hydrogen gas and oxygen. Both of this methods can provide oxygen but they also required tons of energy, there some ways to get this energy and that is when u sue a special kind of solar panel that Wanamaker electricity from the sun. Magma's steam can used by geothermal power station on Earth, so the easiest solution would be to rely on bacteria and plankton, because this living organism would eventually convert CO2 into oxygen. 

4. If it doesn't rain on Mars, where does the water come from?

Ans: If it doesn't rain on Mars then that means there were no lakes, and rivers. The Martian rovers already discovered more ice underground. They found water in the polar ice caps, and these ice caps are all covered in a thick layer of frozen carbon dioxide. Only a tiny amount of water flows on the planet's surface that is when the temperature is warm enough, and this is full of toxic salts. You could look for water if you drill deeper, but the other option is to dig up the underground ice, and they use the heat to turn it to vapour. That vapour could tun into condense back, into a drinking water to get this vapour you'll need to extract it straight from the air. 

5. How will people get food on Mars?What is a possible solution?

Ans: Well if an astronaut would bring their own food, that food need to stay at least 26 months and they need to wait until the next supply rocket arrives. It's obvious if you want to have enough food in mars, you will need to grow plants on your own but the only problem was Mars doesn't have soil and the temperature there are cold. Martian people could also be grown in special nutrients water, but if you really want to live there and your too serious. You need to make the climate warmer like earth, because a warmer mars would means better chance of more water. How? One main idea was to use a giant mirror because these could orbit Mars and will direct sunlight onto the polar ice caps, melting all of the carbon dioxide.. Why? Because carbon dioxide is a green house which traps all of the heat, that gas could act like a massive blanket. In the mean time the weather would be warm enough for the plants to grow. 

Beef Jerky ( Biltong )

Kia Ora everyone, so I will be telling you guys our lessons in Science which is Hurumanu 3. So this week me and the rest of the class are making an experiment called Biltong, if you are not sure what's this stuff is well it 's an traditional root dried meet in South Africa. So the first thing we have done is to try answering some question such as Hypothesis ( it's where you have to make a guess of something ),  Justification this one include a lot of stuff like to find one source of information that relates to our aim, then we need to copy and paste a website where I find the thing and fix it and changes it to my own word. Finally the last step that we need to do that took me a lot of time to write and that is the methods (Materials, Instruction ) so I have to research a website where I can read and get some ideas how to make them.

When were doing this we have to make sure we put it on our own words, and also make sure that the instructions are clear and simple to understand. Because if we don't write it properly we wouldn't be able to do the experiment right so I have to make sure, after I have done the instruction I have to read it out allowed and let my partner act it. And now that we had make the biltong and finish it quickly, we had to blog it and share the steps:

The first thing we did is we let Mrs Allan cut the meat into 1/2 inch then put it onto a big tray because we are in a group. And get two cups to put the salt and sugar, then we have to get a pinch of salt and spread them properly to the meat both sides also the sugar. After that Mrs Allan gave us a piece of string to tie them near the window because that part is cool and will make it more easier to dry.

So here is piece of work and instructions that I made:

Materials

•  Write all of the things you need
• 1 strip of meat 
• 2.5 tbsp coarse salt
• 1.5 tbsp brown sugar (optional)
•  Dry pan 
• Sharp knife 
• No metallic container 
• Plastic cover 
• Spice grinder 
• A Hook or a paper clips

Instructions

1.  Write out the step-by-step instructions

• Prepare all the ingredients and equipment, but make sure you have cleaned your hands before you start doing the experiment. 

• Using a sharp knife you need to cut the beef into the middle part of the meat inch thick strips pieces, but make each strip are equal and it needs to be around 6 inches long.Remember it’s not on the non-metallic container.

• Then get a paper or a cup to put your sugar and salt, put 3 teaspoon each and mix them properly. 

• And get a pinch of salt and the sugar and spread them evenly on the top side of the meat. Then get a pinch of salt and the sugar and turn around your meat to cover the bottom part. Spread it evenly!

• Add a hook to the thickest part of the meat, if you don’t have a hook you can use plastic covered paper clips or a peg .And hang you biltong in a dry place or cool one and ventilated(air) space from the fan that was blowing gently just to increase the airflow.

• But don’t direct the fan at the meat/biltong because if you don’t do it the meat will harden, and separate all the meat to make sure they are not touching. You also have to place a newspaper at the bottom to catch any liquid. 

• Dry the meat 3-4 days, and test it every day by squeezing the meat on both sides and remember you need to wash your hands before you touch the biltong. And if you think it still had the given meat then it’s still wet inside. 

• It’s ready when it’s hard on the outside but kinda moist on the inside.

• Once it was done cut them into thin slices with your sharp knife and enjoyed the biltong. 

After that we have to do the results and the conclusion, so this one it include the aim which is
preserve meat using salt then what's was our result mean. After that there's the question asking
if our guest were correct and we have the discussion. I had a lot of trouble finishing this one
because I have to research " How would the salt kill the bacteria?" and doing that was not easy.
Let's say that I have to be careful of my words and remember to not use fancy words,after
researching and listening to out Science teacher was fun because I get to learn a lot of stuff 
that I haven't know and some new words.

Here is the answer for the question:
If you put a pinch of salt into the meat it will immediately dry them out and the meat draws out the moisturiser ( it moisture the meat because it as an ionic compound with some strong attractive forces )  through the process of osmosis, and as the salt enters the meat cells let say the cell wall  that’s why the alters ( changes ) the structure of the muscle fibers and also the proteins.  Salt draws out all of the water on the meat, and adding salt to meat can also cause microbial cells and result in the loss of water from the cell, also causing cell death and the meat doesn’t rot. 

Hurumanu - Weather

Weather and Climate Change 

Extreme weather

Measuring weather.

Wind

Beaufort Wind Scale

Beaufort Force	Wind Speed (KPH)	Spins	Indicators	Terms Used in NWS Forecasts
0	0-2	0	Calm; smoke rises vertically.	Calm
1	2-5	10	Shown by direction of wind smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.	Light
2	6-12	40	Wind felt on face, leaves rustle; ordinary vanes moved by wind.	Light
3	13-20	80	Leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends light flag.	Gentle
4	21-29	130	Raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved.	Moderate
5	30-39	190	Small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland waters.	Fresh
6	40-50	250	Large branches in motion; whistling heard in telephone wires; umbrellas used with difficulty.	Strong
7	51-61	320	Whole trees in motion; inconvenience felt walking against the wind.	Strong
8	62-74	390	Breaks twigs off trees; generally impedes progress.	Gale
9	75-87	470	Slight structural damage.	Gale
10	88-101	550	Seldom experienced inland; trees uprooted; considerable structural damage occurs.	Whole gale
11	102-116	640	Very rarely experienced inland; accompanied by widespread damage.	Whole gale
12	117 or more	730+	Very rarely experienced; accompanied by widespread damage.	Hurricane

Wind speed - Making an anemometer.

MATERIALS

1. You need 4 cups  
2.  You need to have 2 straw, and another 2 stick. 
3.   You need to get sale tape 
4.   Also one pencil that has rubber in the end of it.
5.   Also you need a pin.

STEPS

1.   The first thing you need to do was to was to get the 4 cups from the teacher because that's make's the project move.
2. After you get your 4 cups make a 2 holes in it to put the cups.
3.   After you have the 4 cups you have to get 4 straws because if there's only 2 straw s the cups will be ending up together.
4.   When you have does things make the straw and turn it to the shape of a cross.
5. Then get a pin and a sale tape so the shape of the cross will be stuck together and they will not move.  
6.   Go and get a pencil and stuck them all together and after that you will have anemometer.

Once you have made an anemometer we are going to record the wind speed.

Group size: 5

You will need:

Anemometer (above) 

Roles:

• Timekeeper
• Counter
• Recorder
• Anemometer Manager
• Wind generator

1. Mount the anemometer in a place that has full access to the wind from all directions.
2. When the time keeper says "Go", the counter in each group will count how many times the marked cup passes them in one minute and write it down.
3. If possible, repeat the above step four (4) times and record the average number of spins on the chart.

FINDINGS

• Record how many times it spins using the table below.

You will need to create the wind yourself by blowing. Get 4 different wind speeds by blowing.

You will need to time them and count the number of spins.

	Time Interval	Number of Spins
1.	10	36 sec
2.	10	18 sec
3.	10	24 sec
4.	10

• Can you make a statement connecting the number of spins of your anemometer and the speed of the wind? 
• The first one was longest one because maybe because one of the person in my group didn't stop blowing into and also we are near the door, the second one was the 24 second one I think it was only like that because the person was running out of breath and also the anemometer didn't move fast at all, and the last one was only 18 because he was at the heat pump and also the problem is there's a lot of people in there so I think It was just only 18 seconds.

CONCLUSION:

My group and I did work well but the only problem is that some of the people in my group was playing and it was hard for me to listen. While where making the anemometer some of the cups were breaking because one of the people in  my group accidentally broke it and I think we try it a lot of times and always make a mistake.But I think it will work well if my group listen properly and the mistake that we did was when we're putting the straw together we didn't put some sale tape to make it strong that's why when we're blowing on the anemometer the cups always getting up together because we didn't do it properly.The point of making this anemometer was to know the how strong is the wind is or how calm is it but on that day the wind was not really strong because you can tell it if you look at the grass because grass was light and also some flags because it was also very light if you want to know the wind speed just looked at those things or using this anemometer.Doing this was very fun and I know that my group can do more better done that.

RECYCLED

Aim: To learn practical ways of recycling so that we can make our world a better place.

The Zero Waste Climate Solution movie

How can we prevent climate change by recycling these products?

Plastics: If you don't reuse plastic it would be bad since plastic does not biodegrade. Then it would be left in the landfill which will cause methane and once methane is released into the air it causes more air pollution. 

Cycling or walking: If you walk and or ride a bike you lessen driving a car since cars can cause Carbon Dioxide.

Paper: If we reuse paper it will lessen the need for cutting down more trees.

Steel: If you don't reuse steel it will be the normally be labelled as garbage and will be buried under a landfill. Or we will burn them and once we burn it cause more pollution on land and air.

Video questions:

What is Zero Waste?

Zero waste is one of the quickest and affordable ways a community immediately reduces the impact on climate change.
What can we do on the planet?

1.  Repair 
2.  Reduce
3.  Reuse 
4.  Recycle

What do we need to recycle?

Put biodegradable materials into the green waste bin so we can help stabilise the soil. Also Plastic, steel, and the paper.

What does recycling do?

We can shut down 20% of the coal factories which can be done immediately and it can prevent pollution.

How much of our rubbish is food scraps?

90,000

What does soil do to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Soil can decrease carbon dioxide but also since soil can help grow plants it is also good since plants eat carbon dioxide since that is the source to create there leaves and stems.

What do we need to do?

1. Make Changes
2. Have Zero waste

What is a carbon footprint?

How can you make your Carbon Footprint smaller?

Carbon footprint goals:

1. Walk to school and less driving to school

2. Take faster showers

3.during the day use the sunlight and not use the electricity

ENERGY SAVING TIPS FILM

Name 4 of the tips.

1. Turn off your lights when your not using it or your going out.  
2.   Turn off you water when your brushing your teeth or soaping your hands.
3.   Unplug unused electronics like charger etc.
4.  Use cold water when your going to use washing machine.

AT WHAT RATES DO DIFFERENT ITEMS DECOMPOSE?

MY INVESTIGATION.

Choose 5 items from the list and investigate them. 

Papers-  If we recycled a paper it can be made out of a Cardboard,magazines, paper towels, news paper, and a napkins. If we don't recycled paper we wouldn't have something to write on and don't have a news paper to read and I that the paper will be bad for the oceans because if it wasn't recycle the paper will be pile up in the ocean.

Leaves - Well leaves provide us foods and air to help the plants to grow, also of know that leaves breath in carbon dioxide and breath out oxygen. Leaves can use through the photosynthesis which green plants use sunlight because sunlight is used to form foods from carbon dioxide and water, also the photosynthesis help the leaves to be green.

Milk Carton - Milk carton are also made of from paperboard and it was coated polyethylene, they used paperboard because it was stronger but it was non- recycle.Milk carton can use for fun because you create something form it because a lot of people or kids use it as crafting they used the carton of the milk and they build house miniature for birds,dolls, or Lego figures.Also Milk carton has a great small size for growing small plants.

Glass Bottles - Glass is 100%  recyclable and it can be recycled without losing quality and the purity of the glass, also heating glass in the microwave is more safer that heating plastic because plastic can be melted because of the temperature so that's why a lot of people like glass than using plastic because you can save more money. Most of the people use glass bottle as D.I.Y projects because they can build painted flower vase, bottle tree or Tiki torch bottle,etc..

Orange Peels - Orange peel can help to clean dirty water also orange peel add nutrients and nitrogen to a plants as they decompose , also that orange peel has more fiber than the real fruit inside. There a lot of thing that orange peel can do like orange peel can be used to start a fire, etc. In the compost piles the orange peel can bring in phosphorus, nitrogen and the potassium ( Is a mineral ), and they say that it was a good idea to break your peel down in the a small pieces so the peel will compost faster and faster but if you peel into a big piece they can take a lot of time to compost. 

You need to answer three questions.

Name: 

• Milk carton 
•     Orange Peel 
•     Leaves
•     Glass Bottles 
•     Paper 

1. How long do they take to decompose?

• Milk Carton - 5 years 
• Orange Peels - 3-6 months 
• Leaves - 1-3 months 
• Glass Bottles - 500 years or Forever?
• Paper - 2-4 weeks 

 2. What resources/fossil fuel are they made form?

• Milk Carton - In my research they are made of wood pulp but it was mixed with a hardwood and a softwood.
• Orange Peels - Orange Peels are made of Orange seeds
• Leaves - Leaves are made of CO2 which is carbon dioxide.
• Glass Bottles - Glass Bottles are made from sand, ash, soda, and limestone because they use natural gas and heat which they use coal to create the bottle shape. 
• Paper - It was made from Pulp Cotton from the woods in the tree's 

3. How is this resource recycled?

• Milk Carton - When we put the milk Cartoons into the bins it has to be put with the Glass containers, like Steel and etc.Some of the people put this cartoons into the bins of paper because outside of the milk cartoon is paper/ or a card paper but in the inside it was made of aluminium so it's not right to put the milk cartoons into the bins of paper.
• Orange Peels - With the Orange Peels it easy to reuse it because you can add to your compost heat so it can create soil and it can also create different things like Limoncino or Arancino.
• Leaves - Once you started to mowing the lawn you can add the leaves that have fallen to the ground that came from a trees, if you add them you lawn can shared them up to pieces the size of the grass that is clippings. It can cause the leaves to decompose faster and faster.
• Glass Bottles - If you throw the Glass Bottle to the yellow bin the Glass Bottle will be taken to a machine which then separates and discolour all of the bottles inside the yellow bin. Once the Bottle are crushed and melted down the bottle can be reused to create a new glass products like the glass bottle can be turned into a glass jug.
• Paper - When it was recycled it was taken to a machine where it will separate the kinds and grades of paper and once it was done it will wash away any extra writing or and wash any extra ink off with a soapy water. When it was done it creates a slurry which then creates different kinds of paper materials like news paper, card paper,news paper, etc.

4. How does this object contribute to climate change?

• Milk Carton -  Well milk impacts the environment in a various way because dairy cows produce manure which releases a greenhouse gas into our atmosphere.
• Orange Peel - There is nothing for the orange peels that can cause/contribute something to our climate change.
• Leaves - Mostly of the leaves can help to decrease climate change and not contributing but leaves can help because they feed off carbon dioxide and release oxygen to the air.
• Glass Bottles - When glass bottles are created it needs heat to create its form which means it needs fossil fuels which is the coal to heat up a furnace/heating system, and the carbon dioxide can't stay inside. So we let the carbon dioxide go outside into the air which cause air pollution and also our air temperature increase.
• Paper - All of us always need a paper to write on so there are always trees need to be cut because tree's eat the carbon dioxide once the tree's are cut down. It will release its carbon dioxide that contain in the air which will also cause air pollution.

Hurumanu-Fossils Fuels

Hurumanu - Fossil Fuels.

 

Aim: To look at how fossil fuels are contributing to climate change and how we can prevent this.

Definition of Fossil Fuels:

Fossil fuels is a very natural fuel such as the coal,crude oil or gas,formed in the geological past form the remains of living organisms like plants or animal in the earth.

Scientific Terms for Students

• coal: a dark-brown to black solid substance formed naturally from the compaction and hardening of fossilized plants and used as a fuel primarily for electricity generation
• natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbon gases that occurs naturally beneath the earth’s surface and is used as a fuel primarily for cooking and heating homes
• renewable resource: a resource that is never used up (e.g., solar energy)
• non-renewable resource: a resource that is not replaceable after its use (e.g., coal, gas)

Examples of Fossil Fuels:

1.   Coal 
2.   Oil
3.  Natural gas

Activity: 

In groups of 3 you will learn about different fossil fuels and the way they are mined?
Each group will be given a fossil fuel. The recorder will read it to the group. The recorder will write down some of the important points.
Person 1: Recorder: to write down 5 points of interest from the text. 

1. 5 Points:
2. Positives and negatives of your type of mining.

Person 2: Reporter: to read back to the class their 5 points of interest.
Person 3: Collector: Gathers the required stationary from the teacher.

Mining Fossil Fuels

What Fossil Fuels are mined? Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
How are they mined?

1. For oil, they drill them very well into an underground reservoir, because when oil has been tapped and mud logger. 
2. For coal, they used a giant machine to remove coal form the ground, they used two methods because some mines are 1,000 feet deep.
3. For Natural Gas, they also used giant machine like the oil, there a large piece of drilling equipment and used to drill the dirt and through the soil and rocks to the natural gas.


Where are they mined?

1. The United States
2. Australia
3. Russia
4. China
5. South Africa

Activity;

On the sheet provided you need to make two drawings of your cookie. 
1. looking down at it. 
2. side on -  of the imaginary habitat that will live on the top of the cookie. ( trees, buses, flax, sea, etc)

Material:

1. Cookie
2.   Paper
3.   Pen
4.  toothpick  

Steps:

1. First you need to draw the cookie don't break because you need to compare the cookie after you remove the chocolate chip.
2. After that you need to draw a habitat it can a forest or something you want. 
3.   There are some question below that you need to answer about to your habitat you need to answer these questions.
4.   After that you need to remove the chocolate chips from the cookie using the toothpick and draw the cookie again.
5.   You need to draw your habitat and imagine that some people do a mining on your habitat.
6.   After your done drawing you need to answer the question about how it change and what happen on the life of the living things that living on your habitat.

Once you have drawn your cookies you must take 2 pictures and upload them to your blog:

 

Findings: What did you find out as a result of your mining?

Conclusion: 
 I really like doing this activity because I learn a lot of things  like when we are mining the cookie I felt bad that if the cookie broke my whole world spilt and I felt sad about that because if that happen the animals and the trees that lived in my forest will die because it will became dry and the animals will lost their habitat and they have anything left.I learn that mining things was really bad to our world.